THE REINSTATEMENT OF THE AETHER IN PHYSICS:
PROOFS AND A PROPOSED EXPERIMENT
Experimental Proof
  • Michelson-Gale: The Earth was found to be rotating with respect to the aether. Thus, since the rotation of
    the earth differs from the motion of the aether, differences in respective light velocities are measured. The
    Earth is orbiting with the aether, thus, the Michelson-Morley measured no difference in light velocities with
    that type of experiment.
  • Allan et. al, Global Positioning System (1985): This experiment confirmed the variance of the speed of light
    due to the fact that the Earth rotates with respect to aether (whose motion is carrying the orbiting Earth).
Reinstatement of the Aether: Summary
Summary of this Page:

  • Experimental Proof of the Existence of the Aether (Orbital Motion versus Rotational Motion)
  •        Michelson-Gale Experiment (1925)
  •        Allan et al. Global Positioning System (1985)
  • Rado's Proposed Experiment to Prove the Existence of the Aether and Disprove Einstein's Special Theory of
    Relativity
Experimental Proof of the Aether
These passages are taken from the unpublished work (The Fourth Revolt) of Dennis McCarthy, who, incidentally,
is a relative of mine.
Michelson-Gale Experiment (1925)
A. Michelson, H. Gale, "The Effect of the Earth's Rotation on the Velocity of Light," The Astrophysical
Journal, April 1925, vol. LXI, number 3

  • "Ironically, Albert Michelson, creator of the experiment that brought about the popular demise of the
    ether, was a strict etherist and remained so until his death many decades later. He had adhered to
    Sagnac's viewpoint that the ether moved with the Earth in its orbit, and always thought that this his
    famous experiment of 1887 proved this particular ether point of view. In 1904, Michelson predicted the
    results of the rotating interferometer experiment that Sagnac would conduct nine years later. This
    prediction appears in Philosophical Magazine, (London), sixth series, 8 (1904): 716-719. This should
    flabbergast modern physicists, since, according to them, the cause of the effect is not due to the ether but
    is the result of general relativistic consequences that Einstein would not work out for another decade.

  • "More than forty years previously, Michelson had set out to conduct an experiment that would test
    whether the speed of the Earth's orbit in relation to the ether would produce an ether wind that would
    affect the speed of light. His eventual null result would change the course of physics. Now, in the winter of
    1924, Michelson wanted to change it back. So he and lab part Henry Gordon Gale conducted another
    optical experiment that would test whether the speed of the Earth's rotation had an effect on the speed
    of light. The result was positive. The Earth is rotating with respect to the aether.

  • "The Michelson-Gale experiment may be the most grandiose optical experiment ever conducted. On a
    huge track of land in Clearing, Illinois, he and lab assistant Gordon Gale molded a water pipe that was a
    foot in diameter and over a mile long in the form of a giant rectangle with sides running 2010 feet east to
    west and 1,113 feet north to south. They removed the air from the pipes, and using mirrors, sent two
    light beams in different directions within the rectangle, one clockwise and the other counter-clockwise.
    When the beams converged again, they found a fringe shift. Although the distance the light had traveled
    was t he same, and the giant rectangle never moved, one beam took longer to complete its path than the
    other. Why?

  • "As the Earth rotates locations nearest the equator rotate the fastest while those nearest the poles
    move the slowest. The best way to comprehend this is to consider the fact that the circumference of the
    globe is about 25,000 miles at the equator, and so objects at the equator travel 25,000 miles in a day, or
    a little over 1,000 miles per hour. Conversely, objects closer to poles travel a smaller circumference in the
    same amount of time. Objects very near the pole may travel less than a few miles in 24 hours, or if it's
    directly on the pole, it will not move at all (discounting the wobble of the Earth) and only spin slowly in a
    circle. Thus, if the Earth is rotating through the ether, then there is an ether wind that gusts toward the
    west at a little over a 1000 miles per hour at the equator; and, this wind moves slower and slower with
    respect to Earth bound objects that are closer to the poles."

  • In sum, The only variation in the speed of light we can detect on earth is relative to the rotational velocity
    of the earth. As the earth spins within its sink vortex it causes an aether wind at the surface of the earth
    varying by latitude (zero at the poles and maximum at the equator).
Picture of the Michelson-Gale Experiment
Diagram of the Michelson-Gale Experiment
  • "The beam heading clockwise would fly east
    (against a strong ether wind) along the southern
    end of the rectangle, while the other beam
    would travel east (against a slightly weaker
    ether wind) along the northern end of the
    rectangle. This wind bias would again resurface
    in favor of the counter-clockwise beam as they
    each traveled west. The beam heading clockwise
    would fly west (with a slightly weaker ether
    wind) along the northern end of the rectangle,
    while the other beam would travel west (with a
    strong ether wind) along the southern end of the
    rectangle.

  • The east/west unevenness created a difference
    in the speeds of the two beams of light as they
    traveled around this stationary rectangle.
    Michelson found the fringe shift that one would
    expect when assuming that the Earth rotated
    with respect to the ether.
Summary

  • "As Michelson-Gale proved in 1924, not only does the velocity of light vary, it does not even move west at
    the same speed as it flies east. Adding to this irony is that even the speed of sound maintains this type of
    constancy. Sound, regardless of Einstein's general theory of relativity, would move at the same speed
    around these pipes on a calm day. Also, sound, given no wind, would travel at the same speed from Paris
    to Boulder as it would Boulder to Paris. This is because the atmosphere moves with the Earth's surface.
    The ether, however, does not do this, and so light, the one object that is supposed to have a constant
    velocity regardless of reference frames, exhibits a greater variance in speed than even sound."

  • Key concept: The velocity of light measured with respect to a point on the rotating Earth combines
    vectorally with the rotational velocity at that latitude.
Allan et. al, Global Positioning System (1985)
  1. D.W. Allan, M.A. Weiss, and N. Ashby (1985), "Around-the-World Relativistic Sagnac Experiment," Science,
    228, 69-70
  2. H. Hayden and C. Whitney, Ph.D., "If Sagnac and Michelson-Gale, Why Not Michelson-Morley?" Galilean
    Electrodynamics, Vol 1, pp 71-75

  • ."It is important to emphasize that Einsteinian relativists are still claiming that light travels the same
    speed in all directions. They then explain away the Michelson-Gale fringe shift in the other-world geometry
    of curving space. But in 1985, the direct evidence against the notion of an isotropic velocity became
    insurmountable when Allan, Weiss, and Ashby used satellities and earth stations of the Global Positioning
    System in an around-the-world Saganc experiment. The variance of the speed of light depending on
    direction was measured over such great distances that experimenters no longer had to rely on fringe
    shifts to deduce the difference, but could measure the time delay with clocks. In order to synchronize the
    clocks around the globe scientists have to take this east/west delay into account and refer to it as the
    "Sagnac correction. 'Moveover, this correction is not applied just to signals travelings entirely around the
    globe, but going part way. Indeed, it was applied in a one-way sense (Allan, et. al, 1985)'

  • "So in this instance the light does not travel around the globe but moves in straight lines from satellite to
    Earth station. There is no closed loop. Still, the velocity of light continues to vary. So where is the rotation
    that is supposed to preclude the special theory of relativity? Is it because the satellites are curving
    slightly? Is it because the earth is rotating? That is important to remember: If the frame of reference
    curves or accelerates at all, then the special theory of relativity does not apply.
Rado's Proposed Experiment to Prove the Aether Exists
Aethro-Kinematic Theory versus Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity

These passages are taken from Steven Rado's Aethro-Kinematics (available from Amazon.com or from his website)

  • The Question; "What happens with the relativistically increased mass when a particle does not collide with
    anything, but continues to move uniformly forever in empty space with its latest accelerated velocity? Is there
    now that much more mass existing permanently in the universe?"

  • Special Theory Relativity Answer: "This is no problem for relativity, since the mysterious mass increase
    [when its velocity increases] is merely an observational illusion. The relativistic particle would move till
    eternity with its last uniform speed carrying its increased mass forever. With the empty space of relativity and
    based on the Galilean Principle of inertia the accelerated particles simply preserve their lastly attained
    velocity and continue to move with this uniform velocity (and with their increased mass) regardless of the
    length of the linear flight"

  • Aethro-Kinematic Answer: "The mass increase of an accelerated particle "is not an illusion of some relatively
    moving observers. It is a simple hydrodynamic calculation, based on Newton's third law of action and reaction
    between the kinetic energies of the particle and the opposing resistance of the aether, which is explicitly
    expressed by the Lorentz formula. In this picture Newton's mass never loses its constancy and conservation,
    it remains as constant as in classical physics. However, there is the physically real increase in the
    hydrodynamic resistance of the aether which is in a strict mathematical proportion with the speed of the
    particle and the speed of dissipation of the disturbance in the [aether] medium. Thus, the aethro-kinematic
    particle, due to the real resistance of the aether, would gradually decelerate in proportion to its ever
    decreasing speed, which can also be explicitly predicted by the Lorentz Transformation. The all-pervading
    aether, which produces a kinematical resistance force, in proportion to the ratio between the speed of the
    particle and the velocity of light, the particles must gradually decelerate in proportion to the length of the
    linear flight."

  • The Experiment: Accelerate a compact group of electrons in a synchrotron type of accelerator where the
    particles are kept revolving on a circular orbit of a fixed radius between the poles of a great magnet. Cyclic RF
    sources are located on the orbit providing increments of energy on each revolution. When the designed
    velocity is attained, the magnetic field is turned off at the right instant and the particles are extracted from
    the orbit into a straight, evacuated flight chamber which leads them to a target sight. Normally, at that
    location the collisions and the results can be observed and measured. The aethro-kinematic suggestion only
    differs in the last phase of the experiment. Instead of having a target particle on the end of the straight
    channel, we recommend a time of linear flight measurement between the beginning and the end of the
    straight path. This simple experiment will unequivocally discriminate between the contradictory predictions of
    relativity and those of aethro-kinematics and the same time irrevocably establish the existence of the all-
    pervading aether.
  • Since both the relativistic mass-increase and the Galilean uniform motion is supposedly eternal, the only
    aethro-kinematical requirement is to make the linear chamber long enough to take care of the natural
    fuzziness in the time and length measurements, and for the quantitative revelation of the decelerating force
    of the kinematical resistance of the aether.